* ÓÅÑÕÅÎÔÉÁÌ ÔÅØÔ ÆÉÌÅÓ * 
           ÂY ÁNDY ÓKELTON
    
   ÁDAPTED FROM THE WORKSHOP,
   "ÐROGRAMMING ÓEQUENTIAL ÆILES"
   PRESENTED AT THE 2ND ÁNNUAL ÍÁÒÃÁ
   ÃOMMODORE ÕSERS ÆAIR  7/27/85 
   (Ã)ÃOPYRIGHT 1985 BY Ê.Á. ÓKELTON.


ÉNTRODUCTION: ÆILES AND THEIR ÕSES
----------------------------------

ÃOMMODORE COMPUTERS SUPPORT FOUR TYPES OF FILES:
ÐÒOÇRAM,
ÓÅÑUENTIAL,
ÒÅÌATIVE (RANDOM ACCESS), AND
ÕÓEÒ- DEFINED FILES.

×E'RE ALL PRETTY FAMILAR WITH ÐÒOÇRAM FILES; THESE MAKE OUR COMPUTERS DO 
WHAT THEY DO.  ×E'RE ALSO QUITE ÕÎFAMILIAR WITH ÕÓEÒ FILES, AND WE'RE 
LIKELY TO REMAIN SO UNLESS WE GET INTO SERIOUS PROGRAMMING APPLICATIONS; 
BECAUSE THE STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF ÕÓÒ FILES ARE ENTIRELY DETERMINED BY 
THE PROGRAMMER AND FEW GENERAL STATEMENTS CAN BE MADE.

É'VE SEEN ÕÓÒ FILES IN GUISES RANGING FROM COMPILED VERSIONS OF ÂÁÓÉÃ 
PROGRAMS TO THE TEXT OF A FEW OBSCURE WORD PROCESSORS TO THE TITLES OF THE 
"PSEUDO" FILES CREATED BY ÄAVID'S ÄIRECTORY ÄESIGNER.

ÔHIS LEAVES ÓÅÑUENTIAL AND ÒÅÌATIVE FILES.  ÂY THEMSELVES, NEITHER CAN MAKE 
YOUR COMPUTER DO ANYTHING BUT, THEY ÓÔÏÒÅ DATA.

ÂOTH TYPES CAN STORE STRUCTURED DATA, E.G., INFORMATION IN A MAILING LIST OR 
DATA BASE, ÂUT ONLY ÓÅÑUENTIAL FILES CAN STORE UNSTRUCTURED TEXT, E.G., WORD 
PROCESSOR FILES.
 
Á DATA FILE IS "STRUCTURED" WHEN IT'S INTERNALLY ORGANIZED INTO ÒECORDS AND 
ÆIELDS; E.G., A FILE OF STUDENTS' GRADES FOR A SEMESTER IS ORGANIZED AROUND 
INDIVIDUAL STUDENTS (ÒECORDS), AND EACH STUDENT HAS THE SAME NUMBER OF 
GRADES (ÆIELDS) AS ANY OTHER STUDENT.

Á TEXT FILE IS 'ORGANIZED' ONLY TO THE DEGREE THAT PARAGRAPHS, SENTENCES, 
AND WORDS IMPOSE A KIND OF MINIMAL ORGANIZATION; BUT THERE'S NO REQUIREMENT 
THAT EACH PARAGRAPH HAVE THE SAME NUMBER OF SENTENCES OR EACH SENTENCE THE 
SAME NUMBER OF WORDS.

ÔHE PRESENT WORK IS CONCERNED WITH HOW ÓÅÑ TEXT FILES CAN BE USED IN 
CONJUNCTION WITH EXECUTING PROGRAMS.


ÔEXT ÆILES IN ÐROGRAMS: ×HY?
----------------------------

Á CONVENIENT ATTRIBUTE OF ÓÅÑ FILES IS THAT THEY CAN BE STORED ON DISK OR 
TAPE.  ÁNOTHER ADVANTAGE IS THAT ÓÅÑ FILES ARE "COMMON CURRENCY" IN THE 
WORLD OF COMPUTING; A ÓÅÑ FILE CREATED ON A ÃOMMODORE COMPUTER AND THEN 
UPLOADED TO AN ÁPPLE, AN ÉÂÍ, A ÔÒÓ-80, OR EVEN A MAINFRAME CAN BE READ BY 
THOSE COMPUTERS WITH MINIMAL HASSLES.

ÔHE UNIVERSALITY OF ÓÅÑ FILES IS WHY É CAN SAY WRITE A SHORT HANDOUT FOR 
ONE OF MY CLASSES USING ÅASY ÓCRIPT, SEND THE FILE VIA MODEM TO THE ÖÁØ 
COMPUTER AT MY COLLEGE, AND HAVE THE ÖÁØ PRINT 40 COPIES ON A HIGHSPEED 
PRINTER.  

ÓUCH ADVANTAGES ARE GENERIC; THEY DON'T TELL YOU WHY ÓÅÑ FILES CAN BE 
ESPECIALLY HELPFUL IN PROGRAMMING.  ÓO, LET'S GET MORE SPECIFIC.

×HEN YOU WRITE A PROGRAM INTENDED FOR USE BY OTHER PEOPLE, YOU INCLUDE 
ON-SCREEN INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE USER.  ÂUT WHEN INSTRUCTIONS ARE LONG AND 
COMPLICATED, IT'S VERY TEDIOUS TO USE ÐÒÉÎÔ COMMANDS TO PRESENT THEM. ×HO 
HASN'T EXPERIENCED THE "JOY" OF INSERTING AND DELETING SPACES BETWEEN WORDS 
SO THAT THESE WILL SHOW UP PROPERLY ON THE 40-COLUMN SCREEN?  

×HAT ABOUT THE "PLEASURE" OF EDITING A ÐÒÉÎÔ COMMAND LINE AND GETTING STUCK 
IN 'QUOTE MODE', SO THAT EVERYTHING YOU TYPE COMES OUT AS A GRAPHICS 
CHARACTER?  ÆUN, RIGHT?

É USED TO WRITE PROGRAMS IN JUST THAT WAY UNTIL É DISCOVERED A MUCH EASIER 
METHOD: É TYPE THE INSTRUCTIONS WITH MY WORD PROCESSOR AND SAVE THEM AS A 
ÓÅÑ FILE.  ÔHEN, WHEN É WANT TO PRESENT ON-SCREEN HELP TO THE USER, É TELL 
THE PROGRAM TO DISPLAY THE FILE ON THE SCREEN.

ÃONSIDER THIS NEWSLETTER: ÒIGHT NOW IF YOU READ THIS ARTICLE FROM DISK, YOUR 
READING  -- A ÓÅÑ FILE -- FROM YOUR DISK AND DISPLAYING IT ON YOUR SCREEN 
OR PRINTER.  ÔHE VERY CONCEPT OF A NEWSLETTER ON DISK DEPENDS ON THE ABILITY 
TO READ AND DISPLAY ÓÅÑ FILES FROM WITHIN AN ONGOING PROGRAM.

ÔHE NEWSLETTER IDEA ALSO SHOWS ANOTHER WAY ÓÅÑ FILES CAN BE USED IN PROGRAMS: 
AS WAYS OF PASSING INFORMATION WHICH THE PROGRAM CAN USE FOR FURTHER 
OPERATIONS.  ÎOT ONLY ARE ARTICLES ON THIS DISK A ÓÅÑ FILE, SO ARE MANY OF 
THE MENUS AND SUBMENUS.  ÔHE MAIN ÎEWSLETTER MENU LETS YOU CHOOSE FROM AMONG 

      ÍÅÎÕÓ
      ÁÒÔÉÃÌÅÓ
      ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÃÔÉÏÎÓ
      ETC.

ÉF YOU SELECT ÆÅÁÔÕÒÅ ÁÒÔÉÃÌÅÓ, YOU POP TO A SUBMENU WHICH SHOWS THE TITLES 
OF THE ARTICLES ON THIS DISK.  ÔHE LIST OF TITLES ON YOUR SCREEN IS 
CONTAINED IN A ÓÅÑ FILE CALLED "ÁÒÔÉÃÌÅÓ".  ×HEN YOU FIRST RUN THE ÍÅÎÕ 
PROGRAM, IT READS THIS FILE; THEN, THE ÍÅÎÕ DISPLAYS THE TITLES WHEN YOU 
SELECT THE ÁÒÔÉÃÌÅÓ SUBMENU.  ×HEN YOU SELECT AN ARTICLE, THE PROGRAM 
DISPLAYS THAT ARTICLE.

ÔHERE ARE MANY GOOD REASONS TO LEARN HOW TO INTEGRATE ÓÅÑ FILES INTO YOUR 
PROGRAMMING.  ÌET'S LOOK AT HOW IT'S DONE.

  ÓTEPS IN ÒEADING ÆILES
 ------------------------

ÒEADING A ÓÅÑ FILE INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING STEPS:

1) ÙOU ÏÐÅÎ THE FILE. ÉF YOU WANT TO READ DATA FROM THE FILE, A TYPICAL 
  COMMAND IS:

  100 ÏÐÅÎ 3,8,3,"ÔÅØÔ,Ó,Ò"

  ÔHIS TELLS THE PROGRAM TO ACCESS AN ALREADY EXISTING FILE CALLED ÔÅØÔ.  ÔHE 
  ",Ó,Ò" PART OF THE COMMAND INDICATES THAT ÔÅØÔ IS A ÓÅÑ FILE TO BE ÒEAD 
  INTO MEMORY.  ÔHE NUMBERS "3,8,3" INDICATE THE FILE IS TO BE ASSIGNED FILE 
  NUMBER 3 ON DEVICE NUMBER 8 (THE DISK DRIVE) AND BE READ OVER CHANNEL 3.  
  ÔHE FILE NUMBER IS ARBITRARY -- ANY NUMBER UP TO  255 WILL DO (** ÎÏÔÅ:FILE 
  NUMBERS OVER 127 WILL COME OUT DOUBLE SPACED....ÅÄ.) ÔHE DEVICE NUMBER IS 
  MANDATORY --
   8 FOR A FILE ON DISK AND
   1 FOR A FILE ON TAPE.

  ÔHE CHANNEL NUMBER ON A DISK DRIVE IS ANY NUMBER FROM 2 TO 14, BUT IT'S 
  EASIEST TO USE THE SAME NUMBER AS THE FILE NUMBER; IF YOU USE A ÄATASETTE, 
 THE CHANNEL NUMBER MUST BE 0.

2) ÙOU READ INFORMATION FROM THE FILE WITH THE COMMANDS, ÇÅÔ# OR ÉÎÐÕÔ#.
   ÆOR TEXT FILES, ÇÅÔ# IS PREFERABLE.
   
3) ×HEN THE END OF THE FILE IS ENCOUNTERED, YOU ÃÌÏÓÅ IT.Å.G.:  
                          
     130 ÃÌÏÓÅ 3

ÆOLLOW THESE THREE STEPS ANY TIME YOU WANT TO OBTAIN INFORMATION FROM A ÓÅÑ 
FILE WHICH ALREADY EXISTS.
 
   ÆETCH AND ÄISPLAY
   -----------------
ÔÅØÔ IS AN UNSTRUCTURED FILE, SO HOW DO WE READ AND DISPLAY ITS  CONTENTS?  
×HAT ARE THE DETAILS OF STEP 2 ABOVE?  ÔHESE PROGRAM LINES DO IT:

 110 ÇÅÔ# 3,Á$:ÐÒÉÎÔ Á$;
 120 ÉÆ ÓÔ<>64 ÔÈÅÎ ÇÏÔÏ 110

ÔHE LOGIC IS SIMPLE: WE DON'T KNOW HOW MANY CHARACTERS ARE IN ÔÅØÔ.  ÓO WE 
TELL THE PROGRAM TO ÇÅÔ A CHARACTER (Á$), FROM ÔÅØÔ (WHICH WE'VE DESIGNATED 
AS FILE # 3) AND ÐÒÉÎÔ THE CHARACTER ON THE SCREEN (LINE 110).  ÎOTE THAT 
THE SEMICOLON INSURES THAT THE CHARACTERS PRINT ÁÃÒÏÓÓ YOUR SCREEN.  

ÔHEN, THE PROGRAM CHECKS FOR THE VALUE OF A VARIABLE CALLED ÓÔATUS (LINE 
120).  ÓÔ IS A RESERVED, OR SYSTEM VARIABLE; ITS ROLE IS TO CHECK ON THE 
PROGRESS OF INPUT - OUTPUT OPERATIONS.

×HEN ÂÁÓÉÃ ENCOUNTERS THE END OF A DATA FILE, IT ASSIGNS A VALUE OF 64 TO 
ÓÔ. ÔHUS, ÓÔ CAN BE USED TO DETECT THE END OF A FILE.

ÁS LONG AS ÓÔ IS ÎÏÔ 64, LINE 120 SENDS THE PROGRAM BACK TO LINE 110, TO 
FETCH AND DISPLAY ANOTHER CHARACTER FROM THE FILE.

×ITH THE FOUR PROGRAM LINES (100-130), YOU CAN READ AND DISPLAY ANY ÓÅÑ 
TEXT FILE!
 -- REMEMBER TO CHANGE THE FILE NAME IN THE ÏÐÅÎ COMMAND!

    ÕSE IN ÐROGRAMS
    ---------------
ÅXTENDING THESE OPERATIONS INTO MORE COMPLEX PROGRAMS IS EASY.  ÌINES 100-
130 CAN BE INCORPORATED AS A SUBROUTINE IN ANY PROGRAM.  ×HEN YOU WANT TO 
DISPLAY A TEXT FILE FROM THE PROGRAM, SEND THE PROGRAM TO THE SUBROUTINE.  
ÎATURALLY, YOU'D HAVE A WAY TO INDICATE THE NAME OF THE ÓÅÑ FILE THAT'S TO 
BE DISPLAYED. Å.G., CONSIDER THESE LINES FROM A HYPOTHETICAL SWORD-AND-
SORCERY ADVENTURE:

  10 ÒÅÍ**ÄÉÓÐÌÁÙ ÓÔÁÒÔ ÉÎÓÔÒÕÃÔÉÏÎÓ**
  15 ÐÒÉÎÔ"ÄÏ ÙÏÕ ×ÁÎÔ ÔÏ ÓÅÅ
     ÉÎÓÔÒÕÃÔÉÏÎÓ";:ÉÎÐÕÔ Ù$
  20 ÉÆ Ù$="Ù"ÔÈÅÎ ÆÌ$="ÉÎÓÔÒÕÃÔÉÏÎÓ"        
     :ÇÏÓÕÂ 100
  25 ÒÅÍ***ÄÉÓÐÌÁÙ ÃÈÁÒÁÃÔÅÒ
     ÄÅÓÃÒÉÐÔÉÏÎÓ***
  30 ÐÒÉÎÔ"×ÈÉÃÈ ÃÈÁÒÁÃÔÅÒ"*RM91:LM50
  35 ÐÒÉÎÔ"1 -- ÁÇ×ÏÒ ÔÈÅ ÊÕÓÔ
  40 ÐÒÉÎÔ"2 -- ÃÁÓÉÏ ÔÈÅ ÃÌÅÒÉÃ
  45 ÐÒÉÎÔ"3 -- ÃÁÓÓÁÎÄÒÁ ÔÈÅ ÍÙÓÔÉÃ
  50 ÉÎÐÕÔ"ÙÏÕÒ ÃÈÏÉÃÅ(1-3)";Ã
  55 ÉÆ Ã=1 ÔÈÅÎ ÆÌ$="ÁÇ×ÏÒ"
  60 ÉÆ Ã=2 ÔÈÅÎ ÆÌ$="ÃÁÓÉÏ"
  65 ÉÆ Ã=3 ÔÈÅÎ ÆÌ$="ÃÁÓÓÁÎÄÒÁ"
  70 ÇÏÓÕÂ 100:
  99 ÒÅÍ***ÆÉÌÅ ÒÅÁÄÅÒ ÓÕÂÒÏÕÔÉÎÅ***
  100 ÏÐÅÎ 3,8,3,ÆÌ$+",Ó,Ò"
  110 ÇÅÔ# 3,Á$:ÐÒÉÎÔ Á$;
  120 ÉÆ ÓÔ<>64 ÔÈÅÎ ÇÏÔÏ 110
  130 ÃÌÏÓÅ 3
  140 ÒÅÔÕÒÎ

ÔHE VALUE OF ÆÌ$, A STRING VARIABLE WHICH HOLDS THE NAME OF THE FILE, 
DETERMINES WHICH FILE IS READ BY THE SUBROUTINE.  ÔHE VALUE OF ÆÌ$, IN TURN, 
DEPENDS UPON:
 
 (1)WHERE YOU ARE IN THE PROGRAM, AND
 (2)THE USER'S CHOICES.

ÂY ALLOWING THE NAME OF ÆÌ$ TO VARY WITHIN THE PROGRAM, IT'S POSSIBLE TO 
READ MORE THAN ONE FILE DURING THE PROGRAM'S OPERATION USING THE SAME 
ROUTINE.

    ÂRASS ÔACKS
    -----------

ÔO USE TEXT FILES FROM A PROGRAM, É FIRST CREATE ALL THE TEXT FILES É WANT 
THE PROGRAM TO PRESENT.  ÔHEN, É WRITE ONE OR MORE SUBROUTINES TO READ AND 
DISPLAY THE TEXT AT APPROPRIATE PLACES IN THE PROGRAM.  ÌET'S LOOK AT EACH 
STEP.

     ÃREATING ÔEXT ÆILES:
     --------------------

ÌOAD ÅASY ÓCRIPT, OR ANY OTHER WORD PROCESSOR THAT SAVES TEXT AS ÓÅÑ FILES. 
ÔYPE THE TEXT, AND SAVE IT. ÔO INSURE THAT THE TEXT IS PROPERLY FORMATTED 
FOR A 40-COLUMN SCREEN DISPLAY, É INCLUDE A CARRIAGE RETURN AT THE END OF 
EACH LINE É TYPE INTO ÅASY ÓCRIPT. Å.G.:

     ÉÎÓÔÒÕÃÔÉÏÎÓ [ÒÅÔÕÒÎ]
     --------------[ÒÅÔÕÒÎ]

ÔHE FIRST THING THE PROGRAM ASKS[ÒÅÔÕÒÎ]
YOU TO ENTER IS YOUR NAME. ÔHEN,[ÒÅÔÕÒÎ]
THE PROGRAM PROMPTS FOR YOUR AGE[ÒÅÔÕÒÎ]
AND GRADE IN SCHOOL.  ÁFTER THIS[ÒÅÔÕÒÎ]
INFORMATION IS ENTERED..........[ÒÅÔÕÒÎ]

ÔHIS IS ÍÕÃÈ EASIER THAN USING ÂÁÓÉÃ OR ÃÏÍÁÌ ÐÒÉÎÔ COMMANDS.  ÁND IT 
GUARANTEES THERE'LL BE NO BROKEN WORDS AT THE END  OF SCREEN LINES OR BLANK 
COLUMNS AT THE BEGINNING OF LINES.

×HAT IF YOUR WORD PROCESSOR DOES ÎÏÔ SAVE TEXT IN ÓÅÑ FILES?  

ÓOME ×ÐS (E.G., ÓPEEDÓCRIPT, ÓCRIPT 64, ÐAPER-CLIP> STORE TEXT AS ÐÒÇ FILES. 
ÔHE FILES AREN'T REALLY PROGRAMS; THE ×Ð STORES TEXT IN "SCREEN CODE FORMAT".

ÙOU CAN STILL USE THE TECHNIQUE É'M RECOMMENDING IF YOU HAVE A UTILITY 
PROGRAM THAT TRANSLATES SCREEN-CODE ÐÒÇ FILES INTO ÓÅÑ FILES. ÔHERE IS A 
PROGRAM CALLED ÃONVERT 64. ÉT TRANSLATES ÓPEEDÓCRIPT FILES INTO  ÓÅÑ FORM.  
ÉT MAY ALSO WORK WITH SCREEN-CODE FILES CREATED BY OTHER ×ÐS, BUT YOU'LL 
HAVE TO CHECK THIS YOURSELF.  ÉF YOU USE ÐAPERCLIP (OR ÐAPARBACK [ÐOCKET] 
×RITER), YOU NEEDN'T GO TO THIS TROUBLE BECAUSE ÐAPERCLIP LETS YOU CHOOSE 
BETWEEN SAVING TEXT AS A ÐÒÇ OR A ÓÅÑ FILE; CHOOSE THE ÓÅÑ METHOD.


  ÒEAD/ÄISPLAY ÓUBROUTINES:
  -------------------------

ÏNE OR MORE SUBROUTINES LIKE THE ONE SHOWN EARLIER CAN BE BUILT INTO YOUR 
PROGRAM.  ÙOU CAN ADD FEATURES TO PERMIT MORE CONTROLLED ON-SCREEN DISPLAYS.

ÆOR EXAMPLE, YOU CAN INCLUDE A LINE-COUNTER VARIABLE SO THAT THE SCREEN 
DISPLAY OF THE TEXT FILE TEMPORARILY HALTS AFTER A CERTAIN NUMBER OF LINES 
ARE SHOWN [24 FOR ÃOMMODORE]; THE DISPLAY RESUMES ONLY AFTER THE USER DOES 
SOMETHING.  Å.G.: 

 99 ÒÅÍ ***ÆÁÎÃÙ ÆÉÌÅ ÄÉÓÐÌÁÙ***
 100 ÏÐÅÎ 3,8,3,ÆÌ$+",Ó,Ò":ÌÃ=1
 110 ÇÅÔ#3, Á$;ÐÒÉÎÔ Á$;
 112 ÉÆ Á$=ÃÈÒ$(13) ÔÈÅÎ ÌÃ=ÌÃ+1
 114 ÉÆ ÌÃ/20=ÉÎÔ(ÌÃ/20)ÔÈÅÎÇÏÓÕÂ200
 120 ÉÆ ÓÔ<>4 ÔÈÅÎ ÇÏÔÏ 110
 130 ÃÌÏÓÅ 3
 140 ÒÅÔÕÒÎ
 199 ÒÅÍ  ***ÐÒÅÓÓ Á ËÅÙ***
 200 ÐÒÉÎÔ"ÐÒÅÓÓ ÁÎÙ ËÅÙ ÔÏ ÃÏÎÔÉÎÕÅ"
 210 ÇÅÔ Ò$:ÉÆ Ò$=""ÔÈÅÎ ÇÏÔÏ 210
 220 ÐÒÉÎÔ"<ÓÈÉÆÔ/ÃÌÒ>"
 230 ÒÅÔÕÒÎ

ÔHE LINE COUNTER, ÌÃ, IS INITIALIZED TO 1 IN LINE 100.  ×HENEVER THE FILE 
READ SUBROUTINE ENCOUNTERS A CARRIAGE RETURN (WE'VE ALREADY MADE SURE 
THERE'S A [ÒÅÔÕÒÎ] AT THE END OF EACH LINE), ÌÃ INCREASES BY 1 (LINE 112).  
×HEN ÌÃ REACHES A VALUE THAT CAN BE EVENLY DIVIDED BY 20, THE PROGRAM GOES 
TO THE SUBROUTINE BEGINNING IN LINE 200.  ÔHIS ROUTINE WAITS FOR YOU TO 
PRESS A KEY. ×HEN YOU DO, THE SCREEN IS CLEARED AND YOU RETURN TO THE EARLIER 
SUBROUTINE, WHICH READS AND DISPLAYS 20 MORE LINES OF TEXT FROM THE ÓÅÑ FILE.

ÔHIS IS USEFUL WHEN YOUR TEXT FILE IS TOO LONG TO FIT ONTO A SINGLE 25 LINE 
SCREEN.

ÙOU CAN PROBABLY THINK OF OTHER VARIATIONS.  ÆOR INSTANCE, IN ITS CURRENT 
FORM, THE FILE READER SUB-ROUTINE PUTS A NEW CHARACTER ON THE SCREEN AS SOON 
AS THE CHARACTER IS READ FROM THE FILE.  ÔHIS CAUSES THE CURSOR TO SCROLL 
ACROSS YOUR SCREEN TO THE RIGHT, LEAVING LETTERS BEHIND IT.

ÔHE SUBROUTINE CAN BE RE-WRITTEN SO AS NOT TO DISPLAY ANYTHING UNTIL A 
COMPLETE LINE OF TEXT HAS BEEN READ FROM THE FILE.
  
ÁNOTHER VARIATION CAN MAKE THE FILE READER ACT MUCH LIKE THE NEWSLETTER: ÎEW 
LINES OF TEXT ARE DISPLAYED ONLY WHEN YOU PRESS A CERTAIN KEY.  ÙOU CAN EVEN 
CAUSE THE TEXT TO BE HELD IN MEMORY AND ONLY DISPLAYED AT A LATER POINT IN 
THE PROGRAM, LIKE THE NEWSLETTER SUBMENUS.

É HOPE YOU'VE BEGUN TO GLIMPSE SOME OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF USING SEQUENTIAL 
TEXT FILES WITHIN PROGRAMS.  ÆEEL FREE TO MODIFY THE PROGRAM TO READ OTHER 
FILES, OR INCORPORATE IT INTO YOUR OWN PROGRAMMING PROJECTS.
*****************************************************************************

    ÅÄÉÔÏÒÓ ÎÏÔÅ
    ------------

ÔHE ABOVE FILE WAS WRITTEN TO GO IN A NEWSLETTER THAT USED DIFFERENT MENU
AND SUBMENU ROUTINES THAN THIS MAGAZINE DISK USES SO DON'T EXPECT IT TO 
MATCH EXACTLY OUR ROUTINES USED HERE. É HAVE NOT CHANGED IT BECAUSE É FELT 
OUR READERS WOULD LIKE TO SEE THE ARTICLE AS WRITTEN.